Testes & epididymis disorder

Testes & epididymis

•         Congenital anomalies.

•         Inflammations.

•         Tumors.

Congenital anomalies

Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testis)

•         Found in approximately 1 % of 1 year-old boys.

•         complete or incomplete failure of the intra abdominal testis to descend to the scrotal sac.

•         Normally 2 phases

–       transabdominal: from abdomen to the brim of the pelvis controlled by hormone (Mullerian-inhibitor substance)

–       inguinoscrotal: controlled by androgen hormone from genitofemoral nerve.

•         Transabdominal defect is uncommon (5-10%).

•         Majority in inguinal canal.

•         May associated with other anomalies.

•         Most common unilateral but in 25 % bilateral.

•         Histological changes occurs as early as 2 years of age.

•         Bilateral cases may result into sterility.

•         Five folds to ten folds increase in testicular tumor in un descended.